The pneumatic tire or air-filled tire is composed of a core filled with airtight sealed pressurized air. Typically, a tread made with reinforced steel belting or other type of materials, provides the contact part with the road and seals this inner core.
Since the pressure of the air in the tire is more than atmospheric air pressure, the tire remains inflated even with a vehicles' weight resting on it. The air pressure in the tire provides resistance against forces that try to deform the tire. This gives the tire a slight degree of a cushioning effect as the tire hits bumps in the road. If you have experienced taking a ride in an old-fashioned carriage that had wooden wheels, you understand how big of a difference a set of pneumatic tires can make.
Pneumatic tires also come with drawbacks. Highly dangerous applications or high-performance situations for example, these tires can suffer a puncture and this will result in a complete failure. The consequence of a blowout at high speeds can result in a serious car accident. Military planners should take into consideration tires getting blown out by firing of guns or explosion shrapnel. The worst nightmare of a vehicle crew is becoming trapped within a fire zone due to all of their tires becoming flat. Airless tires obviously don't suffer from these type of problems and hence, in some applications, may be more suitable.
The pneumatic tire might have problems as well with the variation in air pressure and tire performance. The lower pressure in a tire could increase the traction and the comfort level. This is because of the fact that tires flatten a little and more tread is touching the road. The air pressure in the tire works to maintain the "up and down" stiffness as well as maintain the lateral stiffness of the tire. Thus, less air pressure allows the tires' sidewalls to flex. Unfortunately, this leads to poor handling. In an airless tire, the stiffness in those two dimensions is independent.
There are other issues with air pressure. Consumers are notoriously undependable when it comes to maintaining proper air pressure. Tires which have improper air pressure can result in dangerous situations. It is very important to keep in mind that pneumatic tires are prone to temperature changes also, that can be responsible for changing the internal pressure of the tire. It is vital to consider the kind of settings you would be needing your machinery to function in so that you can check the tires regularly and keep the equipment as safe as possible.